|
Welcome to My Web Articles!
Articles » Business » Small-Business >> View Article
|
 |
|
 |
| Nicotine, Nicotine USP/EP manufacturing process Nicotine Therapeutic Use: Anti smoking patches Manuf |
By:
jinesys |
|
Anti smoking patches manufacturing process of nicotine, nicotine usp, nicotine ep, nicotine acid, nicotine alkaloid and nicotine substitute by BGP Group(www.bgpgroup.biz )
Nicotine, C10H14N2, is a liquid alkaloid which exists chiefly as malted in the leaves of Nicotine Tobacco, Linn., the dried Virginian leaf sometimes containing as much as 8 per cent. It may be obtained by digesting the leaves in acidified water, evaporating to a small bulk, and distilling with excess of potassium hydroxide; shaking the distillate with ether, distilling the ethereal solution, and placing the residual nicotine in contact with quicklime to remove water, and finally distilling it in a current of hydrogen. Commercially it is extracted from the leaves with kerosene, and purified. It occurs as a very hygroscopic, colorless or yellowish, oily liquid, having an unpleasant, pungent, and acrid odor of stale, burnt tobacco. It gradually becomes brown in contact with the air, and is inflammable. In very dilute, aqueous solution, it has a sharp, burning, and persistent taste. It is extremely poisonous, nearly sixteen times more so than coniine. The free base is laevorotatory, the salts dextrorotatory. Its aqueous solution is alkaline, and turns red litmus blue, but does not redden phenol phthalein. It remains liquid at -10°, and volatilizes readily and without decomposition in a current of steam. Applied to paper it leaves an oily stain, which gradually disappears. Concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids produce no colors in the cold. Five decimals (0.5 milliliters) of nicotine warmed with 15 decimals (1.5 milliliters) of water should give no turbidity (absence of coniine). It should also remain clear when mixed with twice its volume of ether. Potassium hydroxide separates it from its aqueous solution. Bromine added to a dilute aqueous solution forms a yellow flocculent precipitate. Chlorine colors it brown to blood-red. It is precipitated by most of the usual alkaloid reagents. On adding an ethereal solution of iodine to an ethereal solution of nicotine, a brownish-red resinous precipitate falls; this gradually becomes crystalline, while from the supernatant liquid translucent ruby-red crystals with a blue opalescence separate. Oxidation with chromic acid mixture yields nicotinic acid, and this, when distilled with lime, yields pyridine. Freely soluble in water, alcohol, ether, petroleum ether, terrenes or the fixed oils.
Nicotine USP is a clear oily liquid with a characteristic pungent odour, extracted from the dried leaves of Nicotine tobacco and Nicotine rustica (tobacco). It degrades quickly in the presence of air, light or heat, indicated by the liquid acquiring a yellow coloration, eventually turning brown. Nicotine produced by us is thoroughly tested for such impurities.
Pharmaceutical grade nicotine is typically employed in transferal smoking cessation products since it is more readily absorbed across the skin than its salt derivatives.
About the Author:
http://www.bgpgroup.biz/article-nicotine.html Courtesy of: http://spin2submit.co.za |
|
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
|
